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the required calculations

  • 1 объём вычислений намного меньше, чем

    Объём вычислений намного меньше, чем-- It is clear that for many problems in mechanical design the required calculations using the monotonicity analysis will be much less than that required by the more conventional search techniques.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > объём вычислений намного меньше, чем

  • 2 cálculo

    m.
    1 calculation, figuring, computation, estimate.
    2 calculation, guess, conjecture.
    3 calculus.
    4 calculus, stone.
    * * *
    1 calculation, estimate
    2 (conjetura) conjecture, reckoning
    3 MATEMÁTICAS calculus
    4 MEDICINA gallstone
    \
    cálculo biliar bile stone
    cálculo mental mental arithmetic
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) reckoning, estimate
    * * *
    SM
    1) [gen] calculation, reckoning; (=conjetura) estimate, conjecture; (Mat) calculus

    según mis cálculos — by my reckoning, by my calculations

    cálculo de costo — costing, pricing (EEUU)

    2) (Med) stone
    * * *
    1) (Mat)
    a) ( operación) calculation
    b) ( disciplina) calculus
    2) (plan, conjetura)

    fue un error de cálculo — I/he/they misjudged o miscalculated

    3) (Med) stone, calculus (tech)
    •
    * * *
    1) (Mat)
    a) ( operación) calculation
    b) ( disciplina) calculus
    2) (plan, conjetura)

    fue un error de cálculo — I/he/they misjudged o miscalculated

    3) (Med) stone, calculus (tech)
    •
    * * *
    cálculo1
    1 = arithmetic, calculation, calculus [calculuses, -pl.], computation, counting, estimation, calculability, reckoning.

    Ex: Since the system's arithmetic depends upon the way amounts of money are entered, standards for entry for the various currencies must be established.

    Ex: For example, without scanning the entire index it is impossible to estimate the total number of relevant documents in the system, a figure that is required in the calculation of recall.
    Ex: He is not even a man who can readily perform the transformations of equations by the use of calculus.
    Ex: Frequently numeric data bases and the hosts which support them permit some computation and manipulation of the retrieved data.
    Ex: Rapid electrical counting appeared soon after the physicists found it desirable to count cosmic rays.
    Ex: Our estimation is that we have 845,000 nonunique names in the MARC data base.
    Ex: According to George Ritzer's theory of McDonaldization, services and procedures once subject to the fluctuations of human interaction undergo a rationalization process that emphasizes efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control.
    Ex: On the most superficial reckoning it is a matter of national concern.
    * cálculo aproximado = estimate, ballpark estimate.
    * cálculo matemático = mathematical calculation.
    * centro de cálculo = computer centre, computing centre, central computing facility.
    * error de cálculo = miscalculation, mathematical mistake, mathematical error, calculation error, calculation mistake.
    * hoja de cálculo = spreadsheet.
    * hoja de cálculo electrónica = electronic spreadsheet.
    * procedimiento de cálculo = arithmetic.
    * realizar un cálculo = carry out + calculation.
    * regla de cálculo = slide rule.
    * tabla de cálculo = reckoner, ready reckoner.

    cálculo2
    2 = kidney stone, calculus [calculi, -pl.].

    Ex: The author examines the relationship between tea consumption and oral health, bone health, thermogenesis, cognitive function, and kidney stones.

    Ex: Nephritic colic only appears when a calculus obstructs the ureter, which runs from the kidney to the bladder.
    * cálculo biliar = gallstone.
    * cálculo renal = calculus [calculi, -pl.].

    * * *
    A ( Mat)
    1 (operación) calculation
    según mis cálculos debe faltar poco para llegar according to my calculations o by my reckoning we must be nearly there
    hizo un cálculo aproximado de los gastos she made a rough estimate of the costs
    2 (disciplina) calculus
    Compuestos:
    calculation of probabilities
    differential calculus
    integral calculus
    mental arithmetic
    B
    (plan, conjetura): eso no entraba en mis cálculos I hadn't allowed for that in my plans o calculations
    le fallaron los cálculos things didn't work out as he had hoped o planned
    superó los cálculos más optimistas it exceeded even the most optimistic estimates
    fue un error de cálculo I/he/they misjudged o miscalculated
    C ( Med) stone, calculus ( tech)
    Compuestos:
    gallstone, bilestone
    kidney stone, renal calculus ( tech)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo calcular: ( conjugate calcular)

    calculo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    calculó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    calcular    
    cálculo
    calcular ( conjugate calcular) verbo transitivo
    1


    b) ( evaluar) ‹pérdidas/gastas› to estimate

    c) ( conjeturar) to reckon, to guess (esp AmE);

    ◊ yo le calculo unos sesenta años I reckon o guess he's about sixty


    2 ( planear) to work out;

    cálculo sustantivo masculino
    1 (Mat)


    hizo un cálculo aproximado she made a rough estimate;
    cálculo mental mental arithmetic

    2 ( plan):
    ◊ eso no entraba en mis cálculos I hadn't allowed for that in my plans o calculations;

    le fallaron los cálculos things didn't work out as he had planned;
    un error de cálculo a miscalculation
    3 (Med) stone, calculus (tech)
    calcular verbo transitivo
    1 Mat to calculate
    2 (evaluar, estimar) to (make an) estimate: no supe calcular los riesgos, I was not able to determine the risks
    calculé mal la distancia y me caí, I failed to gauge the distance and I fell
    3 (conjeturar) to reckon, guess: calculo que mañana podré ir al museo, I guess I'll be able to go to the museum tomorrow
    cálculo sustantivo masculino
    1 (operación matemática) calculation
    2 (previsión, conjetura) reckoning
    según mis cálculos, by my reckoning
    3 Med gallstone
    4 Mat (disciplina) calculus
    ' cálculo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    antecesor
    - antecesora
    - calcular
    - cuenta
    - error
    - estimativa
    - estimativo
    - exagerada
    - exagerado
    - hoja
    - margen
    - por
    - presupuesto
    - aproximado
    - balance
    - estimación
    - expulsar
    - piedra
    - ponderar
    - sacar
    - vuelo
    English:
    assessment
    - calculation
    - computation
    - computing
    - estimate
    - estimation
    - gallstone
    - miscalculation
    - printout
    - reckoning
    - rough
    - spreadsheet
    - stone
    - sum
    - allow
    - conservative
    - gall
    - judgment
    - mark
    - quantity
    - slide
    - spread
    * * *
    1. [operación] calculation;
    hacer un cálculo aproximado to estimate, to make an estimate;
    hacer cálculos to do some calculations;
    estamos haciendo cálculos para saber cuánta gente vendrá we're trying to work out how many people are going to come
    Com cálculo de costos costing;
    cálculo mental: [m5] hacer cálculos mentales to do mental arithmetic
    2. [ciencia] calculus
    cálculo diferencial differential calculus;
    cálculo infinitesimal infinitesimal calculus;
    cálculo integral integral calculus
    3. [evaluación] estimate;
    si no me fallan los cálculos,… if my calculations are correct,…;
    según mis cálculos, llegaremos a las cinco by my reckoning, we'll arrive at five o'clock
    cálculo de probabilidades probability theory
    4. Med stone, Espec calculus
    cálculo biliar gallstone;
    cálculo renal kidney stone
    * * *
    m
    1 calculation
    2 MED stone
    * * *
    1) : calculation, estimation
    2) : calculus
    3) : plan, scheme
    4)
    cálculo biliar : gallstone
    5)
    hoja de cálculo : spreadsheet
    * * *
    cálculo n calculation

    Spanish-English dictionary > cálculo

  • 3 según

    prep.
    1 according to, as per, in accordance with, in pursuance of.
    2 after the fashion of.
    * * *
    1 (conforme) according to
    2 (dependiendo) depending on
    ■ según lo que digan, tomaremos una decisión depending on what they say, we'll make a decision
    3 (como) just as
    5 (tal vez) it depends
    ■ iré o me quedaré, según I'll either go or I'll stay, it depends
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. PREP
    1) (=de acuerdo con) according to

    según lo que dice — from what he says, going by what he says

    según parece — seemingly, apparently

    2) (=depende de) depending on
    2. CONJ
    1) (=depende de) depending on
    2) [indicando manera] as

    según están las cosas, es mejor no intervenir — the way things are, it's better not to get involved

    según se entra, a la izquierda — to the left as you go in

    3) [indicando simultaneidad] as
    3.
    ADV *

    -¿lo vas a comprar? -según — "are you going to buy it?" - "it all depends"

    según y como, según y conforme — it all depends

    * * *
    I
    1) ( de acuerdo con) according to

    según parece... — it would appear o seem (that)...

    según me dijo, piensa quedarse — from what he told me, he intends to stay

    según + subj: según te parezca as you think best; obtendrás distintos resultados según cómo lo hagas you will get different results depending (on) how you do it; ¿me llevas a casa? - según dónde vivas — will you take me home? - (it) depends where you live

    II
    adverbio it depends

    este método puede resultar o no, según — this method may or may not work, it depends

    III
    a) ( a medida que) as
    b) ( en cuanto)

    según llegamos a la ventanilla, pusieron el cartel de cerrado — just as we reached the window they put up the closed sign

    * * *
    = as, as, in the form that, in terms of, in the manner, by, based on, in the words of, along the lines of, judging by, to judge by, in the opinion of, judging from, according to.
    Ex. As the quantity of knowledge expands the need to organise it becomes more pressing.
    Ex. This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
    Ex. The edition statement is given if stated in the document, in the form that is given in the document.
    Ex. And we have all of the ingredients for the creation of an atmosphere in which the proponents of expediency could couch their arguments in terms of cost effectiveness.
    Ex. One might, for example, speak to a microphone, in the manner described in connection with the speech-controlled typewriter, and thus make his selections.
    Ex. The name to be chosen for the author must be, by rule 40, 'the name by which he is commonly identified, whether it is his real name, or an assumed name, nickname, title of nobility, or other appellation'.
    Ex. Libraries will make judgements based on criteria such as better information resources, quicker answers, and more cost-effective services = Las bibliotecas tomarán decisiones de acuerdo con criterios tales como mejores recursos informativos, rapidez de respuesta y servicios más rentables.
    Ex. The general opinion of Edward Wood seemed to be summed up in the words of one staff member, who said, 'Ed Wood's a prince of a guy'.
    Ex. The author considers the possibility of a shift from libraries to personal information service along the lines of the shift that has occured from public to private transport.
    Ex. The number of titles is expected to double within a relatively short period, judging by the enthusiasm expressed by the publishers.
    Ex. To judge by some of the comments presented here, weeding may function as a homogenizing agent in many public libraries, creating a situation where the product lines (books) offered show little variation from library to library.
    Ex. These bureaucratic organisations contribute to a social malaise, symptomatic, in the opinion of many workers, of a general social crisis which will accelerate in the decades ahead.
    Ex. Judging from the history of warfare and skirmish between the British and the French, I am surprised you are so civil towards each other.
    Ex. The headings will be arranged according to the filing sequence of the notation (for example, alphabetically for letters or numerically for numbers).
    ----
    * actuar según = act on/upon.
    * de pago según el uso = on a pay as you go basis.
    * edificio construido según un plan cúbico = deep building.
    * grupo según edad = age group [age-group].
    * ordenación topográfica según los intereses del lector = reader interest arrangement.
    * salir según lo planeado = go off + as planned.
    * salir según lo previsto = go off + as planned.
    * según cabe suponer = presumably, presumably, supposedly, allegedly.
    * según convenga = as appropriate.
    * según corresponda = as appropriate.
    * según cuenta la leyenda = legend has it that, as legend goes.
    * según el color del cristal con que se mire = in the eye of the beholder.
    * según el contexto = contextually.
    * según el huso horario de Europa Central = CET (Central European Time).
    * según el testimonio de = on the evidence of.
    * según la aplicación de reglas = rule-governed.
    * según la costumbre = according to normal practice.
    * según la estación del año = seasonally.
    * según la información obtenida = output-oriented.
    * según la leyenda = as legend goes, legend has it that.
    * según la opinión de = in the opinion of.
    * según las palabras de = to quote + Nombre de Persona, in the words of.
    * según lo cual = where.
    * según lo planeado = as planned.
    * según lo previsto = on schedule, as planned.
    * según lo que + Pronombre Personal + saber = to + Posesivo + knowledge.
    * según los ingresos = means-tested.
    * según los intereses personales de cada uno = interest-based.
    * según lo ve + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.
    * según mi opinión = to the best of my knowledge.
    * según + Nombre = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, as per + Nombre, going on + Nombre.
    * según nuestro entender = as far as we know.
    * según parece = apparently, apparently, by the looks of it.
    * según + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.
    * según + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Pronombre = Pronombre + understanding + be, in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Pronombre + entender = it + be + Posesivo + understanding, Pronombre + understanding + be.
    * según + Pronombre Personal = in + Posesivo + eyes.
    * según quedó indicado en = as was pointed out in.
    * según sea conveniente = to suit.
    * según sea necesario = as required.
    * según sea pertinente = as applicable.
    * según se cree = reputedly.
    * según se desee = at will.
    * según se dice = reportedly, so the argument goes, reputedly.
    * según se necesite = on demand, on request, at need, as required, as the occasion arises, pro re nata.
    * según surja la ocasión = as the occasion arises.
    * según sus propias condiciones = on + Posesivo + own terms, in + Posesivo + own terms.
    * según sus propias palabras = in + Posesivo + own terms.
    * según una secuencia ordinal = ordinally.
    * según un método prescrito = clerically.
    * según vayan llegando = on a first come first served basis.
    * según yo = in my books.
    * según yo sé = to the best of my knowledge, AFAIK (as far as I know), to my knowledge.
    * * *
    I
    1) ( de acuerdo con) according to

    según parece... — it would appear o seem (that)...

    según me dijo, piensa quedarse — from what he told me, he intends to stay

    según + subj: según te parezca as you think best; obtendrás distintos resultados según cómo lo hagas you will get different results depending (on) how you do it; ¿me llevas a casa? - según dónde vivas — will you take me home? - (it) depends where you live

    II
    adverbio it depends

    este método puede resultar o no, según — this method may or may not work, it depends

    III
    a) ( a medida que) as
    b) ( en cuanto)

    según llegamos a la ventanilla, pusieron el cartel de cerrado — just as we reached the window they put up the closed sign

    * * *
    = as, as, in the form that, in terms of, in the manner, by, based on, in the words of, along the lines of, judging by, to judge by, in the opinion of, judging from, according to.

    Ex: As the quantity of knowledge expands the need to organise it becomes more pressing.

    Ex: This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
    Ex: The edition statement is given if stated in the document, in the form that is given in the document.
    Ex: And we have all of the ingredients for the creation of an atmosphere in which the proponents of expediency could couch their arguments in terms of cost effectiveness.
    Ex: One might, for example, speak to a microphone, in the manner described in connection with the speech-controlled typewriter, and thus make his selections.
    Ex: The name to be chosen for the author must be, by rule 40, 'the name by which he is commonly identified, whether it is his real name, or an assumed name, nickname, title of nobility, or other appellation'.
    Ex: Libraries will make judgements based on criteria such as better information resources, quicker answers, and more cost-effective services = Las bibliotecas tomarán decisiones de acuerdo con criterios tales como mejores recursos informativos, rapidez de respuesta y servicios más rentables.
    Ex: The general opinion of Edward Wood seemed to be summed up in the words of one staff member, who said, 'Ed Wood's a prince of a guy'.
    Ex: The author considers the possibility of a shift from libraries to personal information service along the lines of the shift that has occured from public to private transport.
    Ex: The number of titles is expected to double within a relatively short period, judging by the enthusiasm expressed by the publishers.
    Ex: To judge by some of the comments presented here, weeding may function as a homogenizing agent in many public libraries, creating a situation where the product lines (books) offered show little variation from library to library.
    Ex: These bureaucratic organisations contribute to a social malaise, symptomatic, in the opinion of many workers, of a general social crisis which will accelerate in the decades ahead.
    Ex: Judging from the history of warfare and skirmish between the British and the French, I am surprised you are so civil towards each other.
    Ex: The headings will be arranged according to the filing sequence of the notation (for example, alphabetically for letters or numerically for numbers).
    * actuar según = act on/upon.
    * de pago según el uso = on a pay as you go basis.
    * edificio construido según un plan cúbico = deep building.
    * grupo según edad = age group [age-group].
    * ordenación topográfica según los intereses del lector = reader interest arrangement.
    * salir según lo planeado = go off + as planned.
    * salir según lo previsto = go off + as planned.
    * según cabe suponer = presumably, presumably, supposedly, allegedly.
    * según convenga = as appropriate.
    * según corresponda = as appropriate.
    * según cuenta la leyenda = legend has it that, as legend goes.
    * según el color del cristal con que se mire = in the eye of the beholder.
    * según el contexto = contextually.
    * según el huso horario de Europa Central = CET (Central European Time).
    * según el testimonio de = on the evidence of.
    * según la aplicación de reglas = rule-governed.
    * según la costumbre = according to normal practice.
    * según la estación del año = seasonally.
    * según la información obtenida = output-oriented.
    * según la leyenda = as legend goes, legend has it that.
    * según la opinión de = in the opinion of.
    * según las palabras de = to quote + Nombre de Persona, in the words of.
    * según lo cual = where.
    * según lo planeado = as planned.
    * según lo previsto = on schedule, as planned.
    * según lo que + Pronombre Personal + saber = to + Posesivo + knowledge.
    * según los ingresos = means-tested.
    * según los intereses personales de cada uno = interest-based.
    * según lo ve + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.
    * según mi opinión = to the best of my knowledge.
    * según + Nombre = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, as per + Nombre, going on + Nombre.
    * según nuestro entender = as far as we know.
    * según parece = apparently, apparently, by the looks of it.
    * según + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.
    * según + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Pronombre = Pronombre + understanding + be, in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Pronombre + entender = it + be + Posesivo + understanding, Pronombre + understanding + be.
    * según + Pronombre Personal = in + Posesivo + eyes.
    * según quedó indicado en = as was pointed out in.
    * según sea conveniente = to suit.
    * según sea necesario = as required.
    * según sea pertinente = as applicable.
    * según se cree = reputedly.
    * según se desee = at will.
    * según se dice = reportedly, so the argument goes, reputedly.
    * según se necesite = on demand, on request, at need, as required, as the occasion arises, pro re nata.
    * según surja la ocasión = as the occasion arises.
    * según sus propias condiciones = on + Posesivo + own terms, in + Posesivo + own terms.
    * según sus propias palabras = in + Posesivo + own terms.
    * según una secuencia ordinal = ordinally.
    * según un método prescrito = clerically.
    * según vayan llegando = on a first come first served basis.
    * según yo = in my books.
    * según yo sé = to the best of my knowledge, AFAIK (as far as I know), to my knowledge.

    * * *
    A (de acuerdo con) according to
    según Elena/él according to Elena/him
    el evangelio según San Mateo the Gospel according to St Matthew
    según fuentes autorizadas/nuestros cálculos according to official sources/our calculations
    lo hice según tus indicaciones I did it according to o following your instructions, I followed your instructions
    según parece sus días están contados apparently, its days are numbered o it would appear o seem its days are numbered
    así que está en la India … — según parece … so he's in India … — so it seems o apparently
    según las órdenes que me dieron in accordance with the orders I was given
    según me dijo, piensa quedarse from what he told me, he intends to stay
    B (dependiendo de) según + SUBJ:
    según te parezca as you think best
    obtendrás distintos resultados según cómo lo hagas you will get different results depending (on) how you do it
    ¿me llevas a casa? — según dónde vivas will you take me home? — (it) depends where you live
    iré según y cómo or según y conforme me sienta whether I go or not depends on how I feel
    it depends
    este método puede resultar o no, según this method may or may not work, it depends
    según van entrando as they come in
    2
    (en cuanto): según llegamos a la ventanilla, pusieron el cartel de cerrado just as we reached the window they put up the closed sign
    según llegues sube a verme come up and see me as soon as you arrive
    * * *

     

    según preposición
    1 ( de acuerdo con) according to;

    según parece apparently
    2 ( dependiendo de):

    ¿me llevas a casa? — según dónde vivas will you take me home? — (it) depends where you live
    ■ adverbio
    it depends;
    ◊ puede resultar o no, según it may or may not work, it depends

    ■ conjunción ( a medida que) as;
    según van entrando as they come in
    según
    I preposición
    1 (de acuerdo con) according to
    según mis cálculos, according to my calculations
    2 (en la opinión de) según los metodistas, according to the Methodists
    según tú, María es la mejor, according to you, Maria is the best
    3 (dependiendo de) depending on: el precio varía según el peso, the price varies according to the weight
    4 (por el modo en que) según lo dijo, parecía preocupada, by the way she was speaking, she seemed worried
    II adverbio
    1 (tal como) just as: cóselo según indica el patrón, sew it just as the pattern shows
    2 (a medida que) as: según nos íbamos acercando..., as we were coming closer...

    ' según' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acuerdo
    - cálculo
    - conforme
    - cuchara
    - dispuesta
    - dispuesto
    - previsión
    - tesis
    - última
    - último
    - caso
    - corresponder
    - cual
    - desarrollo
    - dizque
    - entendido
    English:
    according
    - account
    - by
    - customize
    - depend
    - eye
    - from
    - Greenwich Mean Time
    - law
    - merit
    - on
    - performance-related pay
    - plan
    - point
    - pursuant
    - reportedly
    - reputedly
    - seasonally
    - to
    - under
    - wear on
    - accordance
    - apparently
    - comprehensive
    - custom
    - evidently
    - halal
    - record
    - stream
    - whereby
    * * *
    ♦ prep
    1. [de acuerdo con] according to;
    según el ministro, fue un accidente according to the minister, it was an accident;
    según su opinión, ha sido un éxito in her opinion o according to her, it was a success;
    según pone aquí, ahora hay que apretar la tecla de retorno according to what it says here, now you have to press the return key;
    según Nietzsche,… according to Nietzsche,…;
    el Evangelio según San Juan the Gospel according to St John
    2. [dependiendo de] depending on;
    según la hora que sea depending on the time;
    según el tiempo que haga iremos a la montaña depending on what the weather's like, we may go to the mountains;
    según como te vaya en el examen, podemos ir a celebrarlo depending on how you do in the exam, we could go out for a celebration
    ♦ adv
    1. [como] (just) as;
    todo permanecía según lo recordaba everything was just as she remembered it;
    actuó según se le recomendó he did as he had been advised;
    hazlo según creas do as you see fit;
    lo hice según y como o [m5] según y conforme me dijiste I did it exactly o just like you told me;
    según parece, no van a poder venir apparently, they're not going to be able to come
    2. [a medida que] as;
    entrarás en forma según vayas entrenando you'll get fit as you train
    3. [dependiendo]
    según se mire depending on how you look at it;
    ¿te gusta la pasta? – según do you like pasta? – it depends;
    lo intentaré según esté de tiempo I'll try to do it, depending on how much time I have;
    según qué días la clase es muy aburrida some days the class is really boring
    * * *
    I prp according to;
    según él according to him;
    según eso which means;
    según el tiempo depending on the weather;
    según y como, según y conforme vaya depending on how things pan out
    II adv
    1 it depends;
    aceptaré o no, según I might accept, it all depends
    III conj (a medida que)
    :
    la tensión crecía según se acercaba el final the tension mounted as the end approached
    * * *
    según adv
    : it depends
    según y como: it all depends on
    según conj
    1) como, conforme: as, just as
    según lo dejé: just as I left it
    2) : depending on how
    según se vea: depending on how one sees it
    según prep
    1) : according to
    según los rumores: according to the rumors
    2) : depending on
    según los resultados: depending on the results
    * * *
    según1 adv
    1. (dependiendo de) depending on
    2. it depends
    no sé si iré o me quedaré, según I don't know if I'll go or stay, it depends
    según iban entrando, se les daba una copa de cava as they came in, they were given a glass of cava
    según2 prep according to
    según lo previsto according to plan / just as planned

    Spanish-English dictionary > según

  • 4 mínimo

    adj.
    minimal, lowest, least, minimum.
    m.
    minimum.
    * * *
    1 minimum, lowest
    1 minimum
    \
    como mínimo at least
    ni la más mínima idea not the faintest (idea)
    mínimo común múltiplo lowest common multiple
    ————————
    1 minimum
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. (f. - mínima)
    adj.
    1) least, smallest
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=inferior) [nivel, cantidad] minimum

    tarifa mínima: 2 euros — minimum fare: 2 euros

    • lo mínimo, es lo mínimo que podemos hacer — it's the least we can do

    • lo más mínimo — the least o the slightest

    el dinero no me interesa lo más mínimo — I'm not the least o the slightest bit interested in money

    • precio mínimo — minimum price

    • en un tiempo mínimo — in no time at all

    múltiplo 2., salario, servicio 1), c)
    2) (=muy pequeño) [habitación, letra] tiny, minute; [detalle] minute; [gasto, beneficio] minimal
    3) [plazo]
    2. SM
    1) (=cantidad mínima) minimum

    ¿cuál es el mínimo? — what is the minimum?

    • bajo mínimos — Esp [credibilidad, moral] at rock bottom; [consumo, presupuesto] very low

    con el presupuesto bajo mínimos — with the budget cut back to a minimum, with a very low budget

    • como mínimo — at least

    eso costará, como mínimo, 40 euros — that will cost at least 40 euros

    • un mínimo de algo — a minimum of sth

    • reducir algo al mínimo — to keep o reduce sth to a minimum

    2) (Econ) record low, lowest point
    3) (Mat) [de una función] minimum
    4) (Meteo)

    mínimo de presión — low-pressure area, trough

    mínima
    5) Caribe (Aut) choke
    * * *
    I
    - ma adjetivo
    a) <temperatura/peso> minimum (before n)
    b) ( insignificante) < detalle> minor
    c) ( muy pequeño) minute, tiny
    II
    masculino minimum

    con un mínimo de esfuerzo — with a o the minimum of effort

    con un mínimo de sentido común — with the least bit of (common) sense, with a modicum of sense (frml)

    * * *
    = bare [barer -comp., barest -sup.], low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], minimal, minimum, negligible, reduced, baseline [base line], monadic, lower bound, razor-thin, paltry [paltrier -comp., paltriest -sup.], measly [measlier -comp., measliest -sup.].
    Ex. Those are just the bare beginnings.
    Ex. Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.
    Ex. The intellectual input at the indexing stage is minimal, even in systems where in the interest of enhanced consistency there is some intervention at the indexing stage.
    Ex. When used by skilled abstractors this mixture of styles can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within a minimum length.
    Ex. Microforms are obviously very compact, and the microforms themselves occupy negligible space.
    Ex. The model shows that market concentration rises with inelastic demand, reduced marginal costs and efficient technology.
    Ex. This article describes the development of the first baseline inventory of information resources at the U.S.
    Ex. Modern economic theory, with its bias in favor of atomistic or monadic analysis, fails to take into account ethical questions.
    Ex. The resulting cost and benefit models permit estimating a lower bound on benefits and the calculations of net benefits (benefits less costs).
    Ex. Let's not squabble about the fact that Bush actually eked out a razor-thin victory in the popular vote.
    Ex. And there is no guarantee that any of the paltry sums of extra money available will actually benefit the workers in the recipient countries.
    Ex. Despite the Bank of England's base rate having risen by a full percentage point, the average savings rate is still ' measly'.
    ----
    * a un coste mínimo = at (a) minimum cost.
    * como mínimo = at least, conservatively, at a minimum.
    * como mínimo hasta que = minimally until.
    * con sólo una mínima idea de = with only the sketchiest idea of.
    * con unos costes mínimos = with minimum costs.
    * coste mínimo = minimal cost, minimum cost.
    * diferencia entre... y... es mínima = line between... and... is thin.
    * en lo más mínimo = not in the least + Nombre Negativo.
    * grupo mínimo relacionado = minimum zone cohort.
    * lo más mínimo = so much as.
    * lo mínimo = bare necessities, the.
    * mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.
    * mínima parte = fraction.
    * nivel mínimo del agua = low-water mark.
    * no importar lo más mínimo = could not care less.
    * no tener la más mínima idea sobre Algo = Negativo + have + the foggiest idea.
    * precio mínimo = threshold price.
    * reducción al mínimo = minimisation [minimization, -USA].
    * reducido al mínimo = stripped down.
    * reducir al mínimo = minimise [minimize, -USA], reduce to + a minimum, cut down to + a minimum, keep to + a (bare) minimum, cut to + the bone.
    * reducir a lo mínimo = cut to + the bone.
    * salario mínimo = living wage, minimum salary, poverty level.
    * salario mínimo, el = minimum wage, the.
    * ser mínimo = be at a minimum.
    * servicios mínimos = skeleton staff.
    * sin la más mínima de duda = without a shadow of a doubt.
    * sin la más mínima duda = beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * temperatura mínima = minimum temperature.
    * vivir con lo mínimo = live on + a shoestring (budget).
    * * *
    I
    - ma adjetivo
    a) <temperatura/peso> minimum (before n)
    b) ( insignificante) < detalle> minor
    c) ( muy pequeño) minute, tiny
    II
    masculino minimum

    con un mínimo de esfuerzo — with a o the minimum of effort

    con un mínimo de sentido común — with the least bit of (common) sense, with a modicum of sense (frml)

    * * *
    = bare [barer -comp., barest -sup.], low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], minimal, minimum, negligible, reduced, baseline [base line], monadic, lower bound, razor-thin, paltry [paltrier -comp., paltriest -sup.], measly [measlier -comp., measliest -sup.].

    Ex: Those are just the bare beginnings.

    Ex: Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.
    Ex: The intellectual input at the indexing stage is minimal, even in systems where in the interest of enhanced consistency there is some intervention at the indexing stage.
    Ex: When used by skilled abstractors this mixture of styles can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within a minimum length.
    Ex: Microforms are obviously very compact, and the microforms themselves occupy negligible space.
    Ex: The model shows that market concentration rises with inelastic demand, reduced marginal costs and efficient technology.
    Ex: This article describes the development of the first baseline inventory of information resources at the U.S.
    Ex: Modern economic theory, with its bias in favor of atomistic or monadic analysis, fails to take into account ethical questions.
    Ex: The resulting cost and benefit models permit estimating a lower bound on benefits and the calculations of net benefits (benefits less costs).
    Ex: Let's not squabble about the fact that Bush actually eked out a razor-thin victory in the popular vote.
    Ex: And there is no guarantee that any of the paltry sums of extra money available will actually benefit the workers in the recipient countries.
    Ex: Despite the Bank of England's base rate having risen by a full percentage point, the average savings rate is still ' measly'.
    * a un coste mínimo = at (a) minimum cost.
    * como mínimo = at least, conservatively, at a minimum.
    * como mínimo hasta que = minimally until.
    * con sólo una mínima idea de = with only the sketchiest idea of.
    * con unos costes mínimos = with minimum costs.
    * coste mínimo = minimal cost, minimum cost.
    * diferencia entre... y... es mínima = line between... and... is thin.
    * en lo más mínimo = not in the least + Nombre Negativo.
    * grupo mínimo relacionado = minimum zone cohort.
    * lo más mínimo = so much as.
    * lo mínimo = bare necessities, the.
    * mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.
    * mínima parte = fraction.
    * nivel mínimo del agua = low-water mark.
    * no importar lo más mínimo = could not care less.
    * no tener la más mínima idea sobre Algo = Negativo + have + the foggiest idea.
    * precio mínimo = threshold price.
    * reducción al mínimo = minimisation [minimization, -USA].
    * reducido al mínimo = stripped down.
    * reducir al mínimo = minimise [minimize, -USA], reduce to + a minimum, cut down to + a minimum, keep to + a (bare) minimum, cut to + the bone.
    * reducir a lo mínimo = cut to + the bone.
    * salario mínimo = living wage, minimum salary, poverty level.
    * salario mínimo, el = minimum wage, the.
    * ser mínimo = be at a minimum.
    * servicios mínimos = skeleton staff.
    * sin la más mínima de duda = without a shadow of a doubt.
    * sin la más mínima duda = beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * temperatura mínima = minimum temperature.
    * vivir con lo mínimo = live on + a shoestring (budget).

    * * *
    mínimo1 -ma
    1 ‹temperatura/cantidad/peso› minimum ( before n)
    los beneficios han sido mínimos profits have been minimal
    no le importa lo más mínimo he couldn't care less, he doesn't care in the least
    el trabajo no le interesa en lo más mínimo he is not in the least o slightest bit interested in his work
    [ S ] consumición/tarifa mínima 2 euros minimum charge 2 euros
    no tengo la más mínima idea I haven't the faintest o slightest idea
    no se preocupa en lo más mínimo por su familia she doesn't show the slightest concern for her family
    me contó hasta los detalles más mínimos de su experiencia he told me about his experience in minute detail
    era lo mínimo que podía hacer it was the least I could do
    2 (muy pequeño) minute, tiny
    una casa de proporciones mínimas a tiny house, a house of minute proportions
    Compuesto:
    mínimo común denominador/múltiplo
    lowest common denominator/multiple
    la bolsa ha alcanzado el mínimo del año the stock exchange has reached its lowest point this year
    pretende hacer todo con un mínimo de esfuerzo he tries to do everything with a minimum of effort o with as little effort as possible
    gana un mínimo de $50.000 she earns a minimum of $50,000
    no tiene ni un mínimo de educación she has absolutely no manners
    al menos podría tener un mínimo de respeto he could at least show a little (bit of) o a modicum of respect
    para hacer ese trabajo tiene que tener un mínimo de inteligencia a modicum of intelligence is required to do this job
    si tuvieras un mínimo de sentido común, no habrías hecho eso if you had any sense at all o if you had a modicum of sense, you wouldn't have done that
    tendrá, como mínimo, unos 40 años he must be at least forty
    como mínimo podrías haberle dado las gracias you could at least have thanked him
    habrá que reducir al mínimo los gastos costs will have to be kept to a minimum
    * * *

     

    mínimo 1
    ◊ -ma adjetivo

    a) ‹temperatura/peso› minimum ( before n);


    el trabajo no le interesa en lo más mínimo he is not in the slightest (bit) interested in his work;
    no tengo la más mínima idea I haven't the faintest idea

    ‹diferencia/beneficios› minimal
    mínimo 2 sustantivo masculino
    minimum;

    como mínimo at least
    mínimo,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (muy pequeño) minute, tiny
    2 (muy escaso) minimal
    3 (menor posible) minimum
    sueldo mínimo, minimum wage/salary
    II sustantivo masculino minimum
    un mínimo de dos meses, a minimum of two months
    mil pesetas como mínimo, a thousand pesetas at least

    ' mínimo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    baja
    - bajo
    - denominador
    - ínfima
    - ínfimo
    - mínima
    - mínimamente
    - múltipla
    - múltiplo
    - salario
    - tasar
    - consumo
    - minimizar
    English:
    bare
    - cheap
    - deposit
    - least
    - low
    - lowest
    - minimal
    - minimum
    - minimum wage
    - say
    - sense
    - skeleton
    - slight
    - light
    - lowest common denominator
    - marginal
    - minimize
    - minute
    - modicum
    - quick
    - scrap
    - very
    * * *
    mínimo, -a
    ♦ superlativo
    ver pequeño
    ♦ adj
    1. [lo más bajo posible o necesario] minimum;
    la mínima puntuación para aprobar es el cinco you need a minimum score of five to pass;
    salario o [m5] sueldo mínimo minimum wage;
    lo mínimo que podría hacer es disculparse the least she could do is apologize
    Mat mínimo común denominador lowest common denominator; Mat mínimo común múltiplo lowest common multiple
    2. [muy pequeño] [efecto, importancia] minimal, very small;
    [protesta, ruido] slightest;
    no tengo la más mínima idea I haven't the slightest idea;
    sus hijos no le importan lo más mínimo he couldn't care less about his children;
    en este país no existe la más mínima libertad there's absolutely no freedom at all in this country;
    en lo más mínimo in the slightest
    ♦ nm
    minimum;
    trabaja un mínimo de 10 horas she works a minimum of 10 hours;
    al mínimo to a minimum;
    pon la calefacción al mínimo put the heating at minimum;
    la libra alcanzó un mínimo histórico frente al dólar the pound reached an all-time low against the dollar;
    no tiene un mínimo de sentido común he hasn't an ounce of common sense;
    si tuviera un mínimo de decencia la llamaría if he had an ounce of decency he'd call her;
    estar bajo mínimos [de comida, gasolina] to have almost run out;
    la popularidad del presidente se encuentra bajo mínimos the president's popularity is at rock bottom;
    el equipo se presenta a la final bajo mínimos the team is going into the final well below strength o with a severely depleted side
    ♦ como mínimo loc adv
    [como muy tarde] at the latest; [como poco] at the very least;
    llegaremos como mínimo a las cinco we'll be there by five at the latest;
    si te vas, como mínimo podrías avisar if you're going to leave, you could at least let me know
    * * *
    I adj minimum;
    como mínimo at the very least;
    no me interesa lo más mínimo I’m not in the least interested
    II m minimum
    * * *
    mínimo, -ma adj
    1) : minimum
    salario mínimo: minimum wage
    2) : least, smallest
    3) : very small, minute
    1) : minimum, least amount
    2) : modicum, small amount
    3)
    como mínimo : at least
    * * *
    mínimo1 adj minimum
    el más mínimo... the slightest...
    mínimo2 n minimum

    Spanish-English dictionary > mínimo

  • 5 Petzval, Josef Max

    [br]
    b. 1807 Spisska-Beila, Hungary
    d. 17 September 1891 Vienna, Austria
    [br]
    Hungarian mathematician and photographic-lens designer, inventor of the first "rapid" portrait lens.
    [br]
    Although born in Hungary, Petzval was the son of German schoolteacher. He studied engineering at the University of Budapest and after graduation was appointed to the staff as a lecturer. In 1835 he became the University's Professor of Higher Mathematics. Within a year he was offered a similar position at the more prestigious University of Vienna, a chair he was to occupy until 1884.
    The earliest photographic cameras were fitted with lenses originally designed for other optical instruments. All were characterized by small apertures, and the long exposures required by the early process were in part due to the "slow" lenses. As early as 1839, Petzval began calculations with the idea of producing a fast achromatic objective for photographic work. For technical advice he turned to the Viennese optician Peter Voigtländer, who went on to make the first Petzval portrait lens in 1840. It had a short focal length but an extremely large aperture for the day, enabling exposure times to be reduced to at least one tenth of that required with other contemporary lenses. The Petzval portrait lens was to become the basic design for years to come and was probably the single most important development in making portrait photography possible; by capturing public imagination, portrait photography was to drive photographic innovation during the early years.
    Petzval later fell out with Voigtländer and severed his connection with the company in 1845. When Petzval was encouraged to design a landscape lens in the 1850s, the work was entrusted to another Viennese optician, Dietzler. Using some early calculations by Petzval, Voigtländer was able to produce a similar lens, which he marketed in competition, and an acrimonious dispute ensued. Petzval, embittered by the quarrel and depressed by a burglary which destroyed years of records of his optical work, abandoned optics completely in 1862 and devoted himself to acoustics. He retired from his professorship on his seventieth birthday, respected by his colleagues but unloved, and lived the life of a recluse until his death.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the Hungarian Academy of Science 1873.
    Further Reading
    J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York (provides details of Petzval's life and work; Eder claims he was introduced to Petzval by mutual friends and succeeded in obtaining personal data).
    Rudolf Kingslake, 1989, A History of the Photographic Lens, Boston (brief biographical details).
    L.W.Sipley, 1965, Photography's Great Inventors, Philadelphia (brief biographical details).
    JW

    Biographical history of technology > Petzval, Josef Max

  • 6 основной

    (= центральный, определяющий, доминирующий) basic, basis, fundamental, principal, main, key, primary, essential, general, major, dominant, chief
    • Безусловно, это следует сделать точно, однако в основном это означает, что... - This has to be made precise of course, but essentially it means that...
    • В основном мы следуем процедуре (= методу)... - In essence we follow the procedure of...
    • В основном он используется в/ при... - It is principally used in...
    • В основном имеется лишь один способ, чтобы... - There is essentially only one way to...
    • В основном мы занимаемся (чем-л). - We are concerned, for the most part, with...
    • В основном существуют два типа... - There are basically two types of...
    • В основном это обобщение (чего-л). - This is essentially a generalization of...
    • В основном это проблема (чего-л). - - This is essentially a matter of...
    • В третьей главе мы увидим/встретим другое обобщение той же самой основной идеи. - In Chapter 3 we shall meet another generalization of the same basic idea.
    • В этой книге мы будем заниматься в основном... - In this book we shall be concerned essentially with...
    • Возвращаясь теперь к доказательству основной теоремы, мы... - Returning now to the proof of the main theorem, we...
    • Основная часть вопрос... все еще остается без ответа, хотя... - The question of... is still largely unanswered, although...
    • Вычисления в основном являются такими же, как... - The calculations are essentially the same as...
    • Здесь мы, в основном, интересуемся... - Here we are mainly interested in...
    • Имеется много других примеров, иллюстрирующих основную идею (чего-л). - There are many other examples which illustrate the basic idea of...
    • Имеются два основных типа (уравнений и т. п.). - There are two major types of...
    • Кажется, имеются две основные причины (для)... - There seem to be two principle causes for...
    • Напротив, метеоролог рассуждает в основном в терминах... - The meteorologist, on the other hand, thinks mainly in terms of...
    • Наш основной результат состоит в следующем. - Our main result is the following.
    • Наш основной результат состоит в том, что... - Our main result will be that...
    • Нашей основной целью является описание систематических методов для... - Our first concern is to describe systematic methods for...
    • Однако в приложениях в основном более полезно думать о... - In application, however, it is generally more useful to think of...
    • Основная проблема состоит в том, чтобы определить... - The main problem is to determine...
    • Основное (= существенное) требование, предъявляемое к... состоит в том, чтобы... - The essential feature required of... is that...
    • Основное преимущество данного метода заключается в том, что... - The chief advantage of the method is that...
    • Основной идеей здесь является то, что... - The essential idea here is that...
    • Основной идеей этого параграфа является то, что... - The main idea of this section is that...
    • Основной слабостью метода является... - The main weakness of the method is...
    • Основной упор в данном параграфе будет сделан на... - The main emphasis in this section will be on...
    • Основной целью данной книги является... - The principal aim of the present book is to...
    • Основным вопросом данной главы является... - Our main business in this chapter is to...
    • Основным моментом (здесь) является то, что... - The fundamental point is that...
    • Основным пунктом является то, что... - The main point is that...
    • Пример 3 иллюстрирует основной принцип... - Example 3 illustrates the general principle that...
    • Существует несколько основных причин для... - There are several basic reasons for...
    • Существуют три основных критерия, управляющих... - There are three major criteria governing...
    • Существуют три основных способа сделать это. - There are three principal ways in which this can be done.
    • Таким образом, важно узнать основные свойства... - Thus, it is important to understand the basic properties of...
    • Таким образом, получен следующий основной результат:... - The following key results are therefore obtained:...
    • Элегантное доказательство, которое мы здесь приводим, в основном принадлежит Гильберту. - The elegant proof we give is essentially due to Hilbert
    • Эти две основные возможности иллюстрируются на рис. 1. - The two main possibilities are illustrated in Figure 1.
    • Это делается в основном потому, что... - This is done, essentially, because...
    • Этот результат в основном согласуется с... - This result is broadly consistent with...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > основной

  • 7 как и

    •

    Here, the wet equatorial areas, the rainfall mechanisms are...

    •

    The boiling point of a pure liquid, like the melting point of a pure crystal, represents a fairly sudden transition.

    •

    Like Boyle's law, this relation is followed by many gases.

    •

    These calculations, along with (or as well as) our findings, show that...

    •

    The diameter required in order to fulfil this condition depends upon the reaction-zone length as does the critical diameter.

    •

    Presumably, as for the static case, the movement of the vibrating surface will be opposed in the manner of a spring.

    •

    The power unit is in a separate case as is the calibrated display unit.

    •

    Superconductors are as sensitive to changes in magnetic-field strength as they are to changes of temperature.

    •

    As with any chemical process, analysis is extremely important for process control.

    •

    Carbon dioxide shares with water vapour the property of absorbing infrared radiation.

    •

    In common with the other natural sciences chemistry is fundamentally concerned with...

    * * *
    Как и
     The more severe damage is clearly evident as is an apparent effect of the stress level.
     The lack of effects of exit shape was confirmed, as was the linear effect of exit area.
     Then, quantitative data on the frozen layer will be presented, as will surface heat transfer rates.
     The square cavity and the rectangular cavity perform similarly as do several other pairs pivoted about L = 1.5.
     As is true with the austenitic stainless steels, Ferralium alloy is not recommended for applications involving hydrochloric acid.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > как и

  • 8 Zeiss, Carl

    [br]
    b. 11 September 1816 Weimar, Thuringia, Germany
    d. 3 December 1888 Jena, Saxony, Germany
    [br]
    German lens manufacturer who introduced scientific method to the production of compound microscopes and made possible the production of the first anastigmatic photographic objectives.
    [br]
    After completing his early education in Weimar, Zeiss became an apprentice to the engineer Dr Frederick Koerner. As part of his training, Zeiss was required to travel widely and he visited Vienna, Berlin, Stuttgart and Darmstadt to study his trade. In 1846 he set up a business of his own, an optical workshop in Jena, where he began manufacturing magnifying glasses and microscopes. Much of his work was naturally for the university there and he had the co-operation of some of the University staff in the development of precision instruments. By 1858 he was seeking to make more expensive compound microscopes, but he found the current techniques primitive and laborious. He decided that it was necessary to introduce scientific method to the design of the optics, and in 1866 he sought the advice of a professor of physics at the University of Jena, Ernst Abbe (1840–1905). It took Zeiss until 1869 to persuade Abbe to join his company, and two difficult years were spent working on the calculations before success was achieved. Within a few more years the Zeiss microscope had earned a worldwide reputation for quality. Abbe became a full partner in the Zeiss business in 1875. In 1880 Abbe began an association with Friedrich Otte Schott that was to lead to the establishment of the famous Jena glass works in 1884. With the support of the German government, Jena was to become the centre of world production of new optical glasses for photographic objectives.
    In 1886 the distinguished mathematician and optician Paul Rudolph joined Zeiss at Jena. After Zeiss's death, Rudolph went on to use the characteristics of the new glass to calculate the first anastigmatic lenses. Immediately successful and widely imitated, the anastigmats were also the first of a long series of Zeiss photographic objectives that were to be at the forefront of lens design for years to come. Abbe took over the management of the company and developed it into an internationally famous organization.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    L.W.Sipley, 1965, Photography's Great Inventors, Philadelphia (a brief biography). J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E.Epstean, New York.
    K.J.Hume, 1980, A History of Engineering Metrology, London, 122–32 (includes a short account of Carl Zeiss and his company).
    JW / RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Zeiss, Carl

  • 9 НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания

    1. PTTA
    2. partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies

     

    НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания
    НКУ распределения и управления, включающее в себя узлы, прошедшие типовые испытания, и узлы, не подвергаемые типовым испытаниям, при условии, что технические характеристики последних являются производными (полученными, например, расчетом) от технических характеристик подобных узлов, прошедших типовые испытания.
    Примечание — В настоящем стандарте сокращение ЧИ НКУ используют для обозначения частично испытанных НКУ.
    [ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]

    EN

    partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies PTTA
    low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly, containing both type-tested and non-type-tested arrangements provided that the latter are derived (e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied with the relevant tests
    [IEC 61892-3, ed. 2.0 (2007-11)]

    FR

    -

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    The Standard IEC 60439-1 differentiates between two categories of assemblies:
    • TTA (Type-Tested Assembly)
    • PTTA (Partially Type-Tested Assembly)
    The term Type-Tested Assembly (TTA) is used to mean an assembly “conforming to an established type or system without deviations likely to significantly influence the performance from the typical assembly verified to be in accordance with this standard”.
    To be declared TTA an assembly shall meet at least one of the following conditions:
    1. it is manufactured in a single example and subject to all the type tests required by the Standard;
    2. it is similar to another assembly which has been subjected to all the type tests, that is it differs from the tested one only for details considered irrelevant for the results of the same tests and, consequently, for its performances, that is for its nominal characteristics;
    3. it is part of a pre-established structural system subjected to type tests in some of the many possible arrangements chosen among the most significative ones which can be obtained by combining the system elements. It is the typical case of assemblies sold as loose components.

    The term Partially Type-Tested Assembly (PTTA) is used to mean an assembly “containing both type-tested and non-type-tested arrangements, provided that the latter are derived (e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied with the relevant tests”.

    A PTTA is an assembly which has been subjected to one part of the type tests, whereas the other ones have been replaced by some extrapolations (calculations) based on the experimental results obtained on assemblies which have already passed the type tests.

    The distinction between TTA and PTTA is of no weight with respect to the declaration of conformity with the Standard IEC 60439-1, since the assembly must simply comply with it apart from its having been subject - totally (TTA) or partially (PTTA) - to type tests.
    [ABB]

    Стандарт МЭК 60439-1 различат две категории НКУ:
    • ПИ НКУ (НКУ, прошедшие типовые испытания);
    • ЧИ НКУ (НКУ, прошедшие частичные типовые испытания).
    Термин «НКУ, прошедшие типовые испытания (ПИ НКУ) означает, что данное НКУ «соответствует без значительных отклонений типичному НКУ, испытанному согласно настоящему стандарту».
    В соответствии с этим, ПИ НКУ должны отвечать, по крайней мере, одному из следующих условий:
    1. НКУ изготовлено в одном экземпляре и прошло все типовые испытания согласно настоящему стандарту;
    2. Данное НКУ аналогично другому НКУ, которое прошло все типовые испытания, и что отличия от испытанного НКУ, не влияют на результаты типовых испытаний и следовательно не влияют на эксплуатационные качества и номинальные характеристики.
    3. Данное НКУ является частью сборки, подвергаемой таким же самым типовым испытаниям в одном из возможных вариантов монтажа, выбранного среди наиболее значимых путем комбинирования системных элементов. Это типичный случай НКУ, поставляемых в виде несмонтированных компонентов.

    Термин «НКУ, прошедшие частичные типовые испытания (ЧИ НКУ)» обозначает НКУ «включающее в себя узлы, прошедшие типовые испытания, и узлы, не подвергаемые типовым испытаниям, при условии, что технические характеристики последних являются производными (полученными, например, расчетом) от технических характеристик подобных узлов, прошедших типовые испытания».

    ЧИ НКУ являются НКУ, в которых часть узлов прошла типовые испытания, а вместо испытания других узлов использованы результаты экстраполяции (вычисления) их технических характеристик, которые основаны на экспериментальных значениях характеристик тех узлов, которые ранее прошли требуемые типовые испытания.

    Различие между ПИ НКУ и ЧИ НКУ не оказывают влияния на декларацию соответствия требованиям стандарта МЭК 60439-1, поскольку данные НКУ должны просто удовлетворять требованиям стандарта без учет того, являются ли они полностью испытанными (ПИ) или частично испытанными (ЧИ).
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    Классификация

    >>>

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания

  • 10 partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies

    1. НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания

     

    НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания
    НКУ распределения и управления, включающее в себя узлы, прошедшие типовые испытания, и узлы, не подвергаемые типовым испытаниям, при условии, что технические характеристики последних являются производными (полученными, например, расчетом) от технических характеристик подобных узлов, прошедших типовые испытания.
    Примечание — В настоящем стандарте сокращение ЧИ НКУ используют для обозначения частично испытанных НКУ.
    [ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]

    EN

    partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies PTTA
    low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly, containing both type-tested and non-type-tested arrangements provided that the latter are derived (e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied with the relevant tests
    [IEC 61892-3, ed. 2.0 (2007-11)]

    FR

    -

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    The Standard IEC 60439-1 differentiates between two categories of assemblies:
    • TTA (Type-Tested Assembly)
    • PTTA (Partially Type-Tested Assembly)
    The term Type-Tested Assembly (TTA) is used to mean an assembly “conforming to an established type or system without deviations likely to significantly influence the performance from the typical assembly verified to be in accordance with this standard”.
    To be declared TTA an assembly shall meet at least one of the following conditions:
    1. it is manufactured in a single example and subject to all the type tests required by the Standard;
    2. it is similar to another assembly which has been subjected to all the type tests, that is it differs from the tested one only for details considered irrelevant for the results of the same tests and, consequently, for its performances, that is for its nominal characteristics;
    3. it is part of a pre-established structural system subjected to type tests in some of the many possible arrangements chosen among the most significative ones which can be obtained by combining the system elements. It is the typical case of assemblies sold as loose components.

    The term Partially Type-Tested Assembly (PTTA) is used to mean an assembly “containing both type-tested and non-type-tested arrangements, provided that the latter are derived (e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied with the relevant tests”.

    A PTTA is an assembly which has been subjected to one part of the type tests, whereas the other ones have been replaced by some extrapolations (calculations) based on the experimental results obtained on assemblies which have already passed the type tests.

    The distinction between TTA and PTTA is of no weight with respect to the declaration of conformity with the Standard IEC 60439-1, since the assembly must simply comply with it apart from its having been subject - totally (TTA) or partially (PTTA) - to type tests.
    [ABB]

    Стандарт МЭК 60439-1 различат две категории НКУ:
    • ПИ НКУ (НКУ, прошедшие типовые испытания);
    • ЧИ НКУ (НКУ, прошедшие частичные типовые испытания).
    Термин «НКУ, прошедшие типовые испытания (ПИ НКУ) означает, что данное НКУ «соответствует без значительных отклонений типичному НКУ, испытанному согласно настоящему стандарту».
    В соответствии с этим, ПИ НКУ должны отвечать, по крайней мере, одному из следующих условий:
    1. НКУ изготовлено в одном экземпляре и прошло все типовые испытания согласно настоящему стандарту;
    2. Данное НКУ аналогично другому НКУ, которое прошло все типовые испытания, и что отличия от испытанного НКУ, не влияют на результаты типовых испытаний и следовательно не влияют на эксплуатационные качества и номинальные характеристики.
    3. Данное НКУ является частью сборки, подвергаемой таким же самым типовым испытаниям в одном из возможных вариантов монтажа, выбранного среди наиболее значимых путем комбинирования системных элементов. Это типичный случай НКУ, поставляемых в виде несмонтированных компонентов.

    Термин «НКУ, прошедшие частичные типовые испытания (ЧИ НКУ)» обозначает НКУ «включающее в себя узлы, прошедшие типовые испытания, и узлы, не подвергаемые типовым испытаниям, при условии, что технические характеристики последних являются производными (полученными, например, расчетом) от технических характеристик подобных узлов, прошедших типовые испытания».

    ЧИ НКУ являются НКУ, в которых часть узлов прошла типовые испытания, а вместо испытания других узлов использованы результаты экстраполяции (вычисления) их технических характеристик, которые основаны на экспериментальных значениях характеристик тех узлов, которые ранее прошли требуемые типовые испытания.

    Различие между ПИ НКУ и ЧИ НКУ не оказывают влияния на декларацию соответствия требованиям стандарта МЭК 60439-1, поскольку данные НКУ должны просто удовлетворять требованиям стандарта без учет того, являются ли они полностью испытанными (ПИ) или частично испытанными (ЧИ).
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    Классификация

    >>>

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies

  • 11 PTTA

    1. НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания

     

    НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания
    НКУ распределения и управления, включающее в себя узлы, прошедшие типовые испытания, и узлы, не подвергаемые типовым испытаниям, при условии, что технические характеристики последних являются производными (полученными, например, расчетом) от технических характеристик подобных узлов, прошедших типовые испытания.
    Примечание — В настоящем стандарте сокращение ЧИ НКУ используют для обозначения частично испытанных НКУ.
    [ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]

    EN

    partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies PTTA
    low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly, containing both type-tested and non-type-tested arrangements provided that the latter are derived (e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied with the relevant tests
    [IEC 61892-3, ed. 2.0 (2007-11)]

    FR

    -

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    The Standard IEC 60439-1 differentiates between two categories of assemblies:
    • TTA (Type-Tested Assembly)
    • PTTA (Partially Type-Tested Assembly)
    The term Type-Tested Assembly (TTA) is used to mean an assembly “conforming to an established type or system without deviations likely to significantly influence the performance from the typical assembly verified to be in accordance with this standard”.
    To be declared TTA an assembly shall meet at least one of the following conditions:
    1. it is manufactured in a single example and subject to all the type tests required by the Standard;
    2. it is similar to another assembly which has been subjected to all the type tests, that is it differs from the tested one only for details considered irrelevant for the results of the same tests and, consequently, for its performances, that is for its nominal characteristics;
    3. it is part of a pre-established structural system subjected to type tests in some of the many possible arrangements chosen among the most significative ones which can be obtained by combining the system elements. It is the typical case of assemblies sold as loose components.

    The term Partially Type-Tested Assembly (PTTA) is used to mean an assembly “containing both type-tested and non-type-tested arrangements, provided that the latter are derived (e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied with the relevant tests”.

    A PTTA is an assembly which has been subjected to one part of the type tests, whereas the other ones have been replaced by some extrapolations (calculations) based on the experimental results obtained on assemblies which have already passed the type tests.

    The distinction between TTA and PTTA is of no weight with respect to the declaration of conformity with the Standard IEC 60439-1, since the assembly must simply comply with it apart from its having been subject - totally (TTA) or partially (PTTA) - to type tests.
    [ABB]

    Стандарт МЭК 60439-1 различат две категории НКУ:
    • ПИ НКУ (НКУ, прошедшие типовые испытания);
    • ЧИ НКУ (НКУ, прошедшие частичные типовые испытания).
    Термин «НКУ, прошедшие типовые испытания (ПИ НКУ) означает, что данное НКУ «соответствует без значительных отклонений типичному НКУ, испытанному согласно настоящему стандарту».
    В соответствии с этим, ПИ НКУ должны отвечать, по крайней мере, одному из следующих условий:
    1. НКУ изготовлено в одном экземпляре и прошло все типовые испытания согласно настоящему стандарту;
    2. Данное НКУ аналогично другому НКУ, которое прошло все типовые испытания, и что отличия от испытанного НКУ, не влияют на результаты типовых испытаний и следовательно не влияют на эксплуатационные качества и номинальные характеристики.
    3. Данное НКУ является частью сборки, подвергаемой таким же самым типовым испытаниям в одном из возможных вариантов монтажа, выбранного среди наиболее значимых путем комбинирования системных элементов. Это типичный случай НКУ, поставляемых в виде несмонтированных компонентов.

    Термин «НКУ, прошедшие частичные типовые испытания (ЧИ НКУ)» обозначает НКУ «включающее в себя узлы, прошедшие типовые испытания, и узлы, не подвергаемые типовым испытаниям, при условии, что технические характеристики последних являются производными (полученными, например, расчетом) от технических характеристик подобных узлов, прошедших типовые испытания».

    ЧИ НКУ являются НКУ, в которых часть узлов прошла типовые испытания, а вместо испытания других узлов использованы результаты экстраполяции (вычисления) их технических характеристик, которые основаны на экспериментальных значениях характеристик тех узлов, которые ранее прошли требуемые типовые испытания.

    Различие между ПИ НКУ и ЧИ НКУ не оказывают влияния на декларацию соответствия требованиям стандарта МЭК 60439-1, поскольку данные НКУ должны просто удовлетворять требованиям стандарта без учет того, являются ли они полностью испытанными (ПИ) или частично испытанными (ЧИ).
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    Классификация

    >>>

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > PTTA

  • 12 как и

    •

    Here, the wet equatorial areas, the rainfall mechanisms are...

    •

    The boiling point of a pure liquid, like the melting point of a pure crystal, represents a fairly sudden transition.

    •

    Like Boyle's law, this relation is followed by many gases.

    •

    These calculations, along with (or as well as) our findings, show that...

    •

    The diameter required in order to fulfil this condition depends upon the reaction-zone length as does the critical diameter.

    •

    Presumably, as for the static case, the movement of the vibrating surface will be opposed in the manner of a spring.

    •

    The power unit is in a separate case as is the calibrated display unit.

    •

    Superconductors are as sensitive to changes in magnetic-field strength as they are to changes of temperature.

    •

    As with any chemical process, analysis is extremely important for process control.

    •

    Carbon dioxide shares with water vapour the property of absorbing infrared radiation.

    •

    In common with the other natural sciences chemistry is fundamentally concerned with...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > как и

  • 13 Barlow, Peter

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 13 October 1776 Norwich, England
    d. 1 March 1862 Kent, England
    [br]
    English mathematician, physicist and optician.
    [br]
    Barlow had little formal academic education, but by his own efforts rectified this deficiency. His contributions to various periodicals ensured that he became recognized as a man of considerable scientific understanding. In 1801, through competitive examination, he became Assistant Mathematics Master at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and some years later was promoted to Professor. He resigned from this post in 1847, but retained full salary in recognition of his many public services.
    He is remembered for several notable achievements, and for some experiments designed to overcome problems such as the deviation of compasses in iron ships. Here, he proposed the use of small iron plates designed to overcome other attractions: these were used by both the British and Russian navies. Optical experiments commenced around 1827 and in later years he carried out tests to optimize the size and shape of many parts used in the railways that were spreading throughout Britain and elsewhere at that time.
    In 1814 he published mathematical tables of squares, cubes, square roots, cube roots and reciprocals of all integers from 1 to 10,000. This volume was of great value in ship design and other engineering processes where heavy numerical effort is required; it was reprinted many times, the last being in 1965 when it had been all but superseded by the calculator and the computer. In the preface to the original edition, Barlow wrote, "the only motive which prompted me to engage in this unprofitable task was the utility that I conceived might result from my labour… if I have succeeded in facilitating abstruse arithmetical calculations, then I have obtained the object in view."
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1823; Copley Medal (for discoveries in magnetism) 1825. Honorary Member, Institution of Civil Engineers 1820.
    Bibliography
    1811, An Elementary Investigation of the Theory of Numbers.
    1814, Barlow's Tables (these have continued to be published until recently, one edition being in 1965 (London: Spon); later editions have taken the integers up to 12,500).
    1817, Essay on the Strength of Timber and Other Materials.
    Further Reading
    Dictionary of National Biography.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Barlow, Peter

  • 14 тщательный

    •

    The compound needs elaborate (or thorough) purification.

    •

    Much more ambitious calculations are needed to follow these final stages in detail.

    •

    The machines are subject to rigorous testing before dispatch.

    •

    Careful maintenance is essential.

    •

    Very close furnace control is required.

    •

    Diligent spraying must defend the seedlings.

    •

    Meticulous scientific and medical work...

    •

    Thorough greasing of the bearings is important.

    •

    The careful choice of the diameter is important.

    II
    •

    This assures perfect atomization of the oil and intimate mixing of the combustion air with...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > тщательный

  • 15 используемый в настоящее время

    * * *
    Используемый в настоящее время
     Additional development work is still required before any of these models can be used to replace models presently in use.
     It seems likely that the dual pressure steam plant will show an improvement in output compared with the all-steam version currently in use.
     Commercial nonmagnetic ring materials in use today have KIC values well in excess of 100 MPa m1/2.
     The calculations show the tremendous influence of adverse environments on the fracture behavior of currently used retaining ring materials.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > используемый в настоящее время

  • 16 делать недосягаемым для

    Делать недосягаемым для-- The sheer magnitude of the calculations required put any numerical solution out of reach of the desk top calculators then available.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > делать недосягаемым для

  • 17 शुल्वम् _śulvam _ _ल्बम् _lbam _

    शुल्वम् (ल्बम्) [शुल्ब्-अच्]
    1 A rope, string; ततो मन्त्रबलाच्छुल्बे तक्षके वज्रिणः करात् Bm.1.194; शुल्वं सुतस्य न तु तत्तदमुष्य माति Bhāg.2.7.3.
    -2 Copper.
    -3 A sacrificial rite or act.
    -4 The proximity of water, a place near it.
    -5 A rule, law, an institute.
    -ल्वा, -ल्वी See above.
    -Comp. -अरिः sulphur.
    -जम् brass.
    -सूत्रम् N. of Sūtra work, containing mathematical calculations required for श्रौत rituals.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > शुल्वम् _śulvam _ _ल्बम् _lbam _

  • 18 чтобы уменьшить количество необходимых вычислений

    Чтобы уменьшить количество необходимых вычислений-- Several assumptions have been made in order to limit the calculations required.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > чтобы уменьшить количество необходимых вычислений

  • 19 accuracy

    n
    точность, правильность

    - absolute accuracy
    - adequate accuracy
    - available accuracy
    - comparative accuracy
    - design accuracy
    - forecast accuracy
    - functional accuracy
    - high accuracy
    - measurement accuracy
    - obtainable accuracy
    - playback accuracy
    - rated accuracy
    - relative accuracy
    - required accuracy
    - requisite accuracy
    - statistical accuracy
    - working accuracy
    - accuracy of calculations
    - accuracy of documents
    - accuracy of estimation
    - accuracy of financial statements
    - accuracy of information
    - accuracy of prices
    - accuracy of records
    - accuracy of payment of credit
    - accuracy of a statement
    - accuracy and completeness of tax returns
    - certify accuracy of accounts
    - swear to the accuracy of financial statements
    - vouch for accuracy of financial statements

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > accuracy

  • 20 Calculated Metrics

    A feature that enables users to create simple calculations using one or more KPI values. This reduces the amount of MDX that is required to create complex scorecards.

    English-Arabic terms dictionary > Calculated Metrics

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